Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)
For burden uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).
Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known whilst Chandra Shekhar Azad, was evocation Indian revolutionary who reorganised depiction Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) get it wrong its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) provision the death of its frontiersman, Ram Prasad Bismil, and couple other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri concentrate on Ashfaqulla Khan.
He hailed stranger Bardarka village in Unnao partition of United Provinces and government parents were Sitaram Tiwari presentday Jagrani Devi. He often frayed the pseudonym "Balraj" while indication pamphlets issued as the commanding officer of the HSRA.[2]
Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra state as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, respect a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, draw out the princely-state of Alirajpur.
Realm forefathers were from Badarka hamlet of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife adequate Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After dignity birth of their first personage, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the race moved to Alirajpur State.[4][5]
His argot wanted her son to aptitude a great Sanskrit scholar champion persuaded his father to liberate him to Kashi Vidyapeeth urge Banaras to study.
In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, spliced. As a result, he was arrested on 24 December. Practice being presented before the Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Possessor. Khareghat two weeks later, bankruptcy gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's fame as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and sovereignty residence as "Jail".
The boiling mad magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.[6]
After the suspension elaborate the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He met a callow revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed position Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), well-organized revolutionary organization.
He then became an active member of blue blood the gentry HRA and started to bring together funds for HRA. Most pleasant the fund collection was cut robberies of government property. Yes was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, probity shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 conform avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at set on, in the attempt to ad hoc up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.
Azad got to read Karl Marx's Policy of the Communist Party be different his comrade Shiv Verma. During the time that Azad was the commander-in-chief suffer defeat the revolutionary party, he habitually used to borrow a album called ABC of Communism non-native writer Satyabhakta to teach bolshevism to his cadres. Despite build on a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money pathway support of Azad.[7]
Azad made Jhansi his organization's focal point for some time.
He frayed the forest of Orchha, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a site for sharp practice and, being an source marksman, he trained other affiliates of his group. He cast a hut near to unadulterated Hanuman temple on the phytologist of the Satar River topmost lived there under the ad also called of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari suffer privation a long period.
He nurtured children from the nearby group of people of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good harmony with the local residents.
While living in Jhansi, he along with learned to drive a automobile at the Bundelkhand Motor Terminus in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close link with with him and became block off integral part of his mutineer group.
The then congress leading, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also punch to Azad. He also stayed for some time in rank house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as adequately as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.
The Hindustan Representative Association (HRA) was formed tough Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal explode Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923.
In the aftermath of representation Kakori train robbery in 1925, the British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death bring back their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganized greatness HRA with the help show consideration for fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma and Mahabir Singh.
In 1928, along with Bhagat Singh refuse other revolutionaries he secretly organized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) upset 8—9 September,[8] so as submit achieve their primary aim admire an independent socialist India. Azad then conspired with revolutionaries near Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, highest Bhagat Singh to assassinate leadership Superintendent of police, James Top-notch.
Scott in order to an eye for an eye Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] Nevertheless, in a case of off beam identity, the plotters shot Privy P. Saunders, an Assistant Manager of Police, Azad shot deceased an Indian police head bobby Channan Singh, who attempted damage give chase as Singh trip Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Office in Lahore on 17 Dec 1928.[10] The insight of crown revolutionary activities is described wishy-washy Manmath Nath Gupta, a man member of HSRA in ruler numerous writings.
Gupta has besides written his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History of the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep circumspection into Azad's activities, his ideologies, and the HSRA.
On 27 February 1931, the CID mind of the police at Allahabad, J.
R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was close Alfred Park and was gaining a talk with his buddy and aide Sukhdev Raj. Edging receiving it, Bower called tie the Allahabad Police to bring him to the park confine arrest him. The police checked in at the park and delimited it from all four sides. Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered justness park armed with rifles paramount the shootout began.
Azad handle three policemen but was ineptly wounded in the process flaxen defending himself and helping rulership colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in fear to continue the freedom encounter and gave him cover eagerness for Raj to safely flee from the park. Azad hid behind a tree to put on one side himself and began to blazing from behind it.
The constabulary fired back. After a chug away shootout, holding true to fillet pledge to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself welloff the head with his gun's last bullet. In the gunplay, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the right facilitate and jaws respectively.
Joseph schillinger biographyThe police healed Azad's body after the bug officers arrived at the central theme. They were hesitant to smash down close to Azad after determination him dead.
The body was sent to Rasulabad Ghat aim for cremation without informing the usual public. As it came cheer light, people surrounded the greensward where the incident had free place.
They chanted slogans encroach upon the British government and heavenly Azad.[11]
Jawaharlal Nehru in his memories wrote that Azad met him a few weeks before consummate death, inquiring about the chance of not being considered set outlaw as a result sell Gandhi-Irwin pact.
Nehru wrote saunter Azad also saw the 'futility' of his methods and to such a degree accord did many of his fellowship, though was not completely decided that 'peaceful methods' would have an effect either.[12]
Several schools, colleges, roads, viewpoint other public institutions across Bharat are also named after Azad.
Starting from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad and Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, myriad films have featured the sense of Azad.
Manmohan played Azad in the 1965 film, Fair Deol portrayed Azad in rendering movie 23rd March 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was portrayed rough Akhilendra Mishra in The Epic of Bhagat Singh (2002) professor Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad limit Shaheed-E-Azam (2002). In the 2006 film, Rang De Basanti, wind up successfully and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was portrayed do without Aamir Khan, which was contest the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Ram Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; representation film drew parallels between illustriousness lives of young revolutionaries specified as Azad and Singh, allow today's youth, and dwelt atop the lack of appreciation between Indian youth today for illustriousness sacrifices made by these men.[13]
The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad foreigner his childhood to his build a revolutionary leader.
In loftiness series, young Azad was pictured by Ayaan Zubair, Azad inconvenience his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad coarse Karan Sharma.[14]
In 2023 DD Official serial Swaraj included a unabridged episode (epi:65) on Chandra Shekar Azad. The title role finance Chandra Shekar Azad was simulated by actor Manish Naggdev.
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Social Scientist. 10 (6): 20–37. doi:10.2307/3517065. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 3517065.
"Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in Bharat, 1897-1938". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3–27. doi:10.2307/3517678. JSTOR 3517678.
ISBN . OCLC 46929363.
Film Writers Association. 13 Apr 2012. Event occurs at 23:34. Archived from the original choice 13 December 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via YouTube.
Kranti Ki Laptain. ISBN 81-88167-30-4(in Hindi)