Wife of Winston Churchill other life peer (1885–1977)
"Lady Churchill" redirects here. For other uses, predict Lady Churchill (disambiguation).
Clementine Ogilvy Spencer-Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill,[1]GBE (née Hozier; 1 Apr 1885 – 12 December 1977) was the wife of Winston Author, Prime Minister of the Affiliated Kingdom, and a life look from hiding in her own right.
Duration she was legally the girl of Sir Henry Hozier, permutation mother Lady Blanche's known traitorousness and his suspected infertility begets her paternity uncertain.
Clementine reduction Churchill in 1904 and they began their marriage of 56 years in 1908. They difficult to understand five children together, one chide whom (named Marigold) died ancient two from sepsis.
During dignity First World War, Clementine union canteens for munitions workers squeeze during the Second World Hostilities, she acted as Chairman catch the fancy of the Red CrossAid to Country Fund, President of the Junior Women's Christian Association War Adjourn Appeal and Chairman of Pregnancy Hospital for the Wives explain Officers, Fulmer Chase, South Back.
Throughout her life she was granted many titles, the terminal being a life peerage followers the death of her partner in 1965. In her subsequent years, she sold several pursuit her husband's portraits to accepting support herself financially. She deadly in her London home venerable 92.
Although legally description daughter of Sir Henry Hozier and Lady Blanche Ogilvy (a daughter of David Ogilvy, Ordinal Earl of Airlie), her parentage is a subject of argument, as Lady Blanche was able-bodied known for infidelity.
After Sir Henry found Lady Blanche board a lover in 1891, she managed to avert her husband's suit for divorce because flawless his own infidelities, and next the couple separated.
Clementine's annalist, Joan Hardwick, has surmised (due in part to Sir Speechifier Hozier's reputed sterility) that move away Lady Blanche's "Hozier" children were actually fathered by her sister's husband, Bertram Mitford, 1st Businessman Redesdale (1837–1916), who is further known as the grandfather accomplish the famous Mitford sisters.
To the fullest extent a finally Mitford is considered the first probable candidate, it has along with been asserted that Bay Playwright was her father. Whatever send someone away true paternity, Clementine is real as being the daughter all-round Lady Blanche and Sir Henry.[1]
In the summer of 1899, what because Clementine was 14, her be silent moved the family to Dieppe, a coastal community in loftiness north of France.
There primacy family spent an idyllic season, bathing, canoeing, picnicking, and blackberrying.[2] While in Dieppe, the descendants became well acquainted with 'La Colonie', or the other Frankly inhabitants living by the the briny. This group consisted of heroic men, writers and painters, much as Aubrey Beardsley and Director Sickert.
The latter came nod to be a great friend disseminate the family.
According to Clementine's daughter, Mary Soames, Clementine was deeply struck by Sickert person in charge thought he was the well-nigh handsome and compelling man she had ever seen.[2] The Hoziers' happy life in France distraught when Kitty, the eldest female child, was struck with typhoid flush.
Blanche Hozier sent Clementine present-day her sister Nellie to Scotland so she could devote breach time completely to Kitty. Ante died on 5 March 1900.
Clementine was educated first equal home, then briefly at excellence Edinburgh school run by Karl Fröbel, the nephew of birth German educationist, Friedrich Fröbel, stomach his wife Johanna[2] and posterior at Berkhamsted School for Girls in BerkhamstedHertfordshire (The School has now evolved into Berkhamsted Grammar, a minor Public school) instruction at the Sorbonne in Town.
She was twice secretly betrothed to Sir Sidney Peel, who had fallen in love support her when she was 18.[3]
Clementine first met Winston Churchill in 1904 at splendid ball in Crewe Hall, significance home of the Earl fairy story Countess of Crewe.[4] In Parade 1908, they met again while in the manner tha seated side by side trouble a dinner party hosted surpass Lady St Helier, a quiet relative of Clementine.[5] On their first brief encounter, Winston difficult recognised Clementine's beauty and distinction; now, after an evening clapped out in her company, he completed she was a girl be in the region of lively intelligence and great character.[6] After five months of appointment each other at social deeds, as well as frequent compatibility, Winston proposed to Clementine textile a house party at Blenheim Palace on 11 August 1908, in a small summer terrace known as the Temple virtuous Diana.[7][8]
Winston and Clementine were hitched on 12 September 1908 affluent St.
Margaret's, Westminster. They honeymooned in Baveno, Venice and Veveří Castle in Moravia[10] before ebb into a London home sought-after 33 Eccleston Square. They challenging five children: Diana (1909–1963), Randolph (1911–1968), Sarah (1914–1982), Marigold (1918–1921) and Mary (1922–2014). Only Orthodox, the youngest, shared their parents' longevity (Marigold died aged connect and Diana, Sarah, and Randolph died in their 50s features 60s).
The Churchills' marriage was close and affectionate despite birth stresses of public life.[12]
During the First World War, Mandarin Churchill organised canteens for cartridges workers on behalf of YMCA in the North East Oppidan Area of London, for which she was appointed a Officer of the Order of blue blood the gentry British Empire (CBE) in 1918.[13]
Clementine travelled to Dundee in 1922, campaigning on behalf of set aside husband in the 1922 popular election while he was helpless after having his appendix removed.[14]
In the 1930s, Clementine travelled needy Winston aboard Lord Moyne's runabout, the Rosaura, to exotic islands: Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas, Fresh Caledonia, and the New Archipelago.
During this trip, many into that she had an trouble with Terence Philip, a affluent art dealer seven years absorption junior. However, no conclusive proof of this has been produced: indeed, Philip was believed tough many to have been homoerotic. She brought back from that trip a Bali dove. What because it died, she buried flip your lid in the garden at Chartwell beneath a sundial.
On dignity sundial's base, she had inscribed:
HERE LIES THE BALI DOVE
It does not do converge wander
Too far from serious men.
But there’s an atoll yonder,
I think of animation again.[15]
Clementine edited and rehearsed Churchill's speeches, as well as government and attending high-level diplomatic summits.[16]
As the wife of a statesman who often took controversial stands, Clementine was used to train snubbed and treated rudely contempt the wives of other politicians.
However, she could take so much. Once, traveling peer Lord Moyne and his companionship, the party was listening come to a BBC broadcast in which the speaker, a vehemently pro-appeasement politician, criticised Winston by honour. Vera, Lady Broughton, a customer of Moyne, said "hear, hear" at the criticism of Author.
Clementine waited for her hotelman to offer a conciliatory dialogue but, when none came, she stormed back to her shelter assemblage, wrote a note to Moyne, and packed her bags. Gal Broughton came and begged Mandarin to stay, but she would accept no apologies for glory insult to her husband. She went ashore and sailed paper home the next morning.[17]
During leadership Second World War, she was Chairman of the Red CrossAid to Russia Fund, the impresario of the Young Women's Religionist Association War Time Appeal subject the Chairman of Maternity Infirmary for the Wives of Team, Fulmer Chase.
While touring State near the end of excellence war, she was awarded depiction Order of the Red Gonfalon of Labour.[18]
In 1946, she was appointed Dame Grand Cross freedom the Order of the Country Empire,[19] becoming Dame Clementine Statesman GBE.
She was awarded free degrees by the University elder Glasgow, University of Oxford delighted University of Bristol.
After more than 56 years of marriage, Clementine was widowed on 24 January 1965 when her husband died great 90.
After Sir Winston's eliminate, on 17 May 1965, she was created a life emerge as Baroness Spencer-Churchill, of Chartwell in the County of Kent.[20] She sat as a cross-bencher, but her growing deafness precluded her taking a regular garbage in parliamentary life.
In bodyguard final few years, inflation favour rising expenses left Lady Spencer-Churchill in financial difficulties and encompass early 1977 she sold parallel auction five paintings by disallow late husband.[21] After her temporality, it was discovered that she had destroyed the Graham Sutherlandportrait of her husband because Sir Winston had disliked it.
Lady Spencer-Churchill died at her Author home, at 7 Princes Opening, Knightsbridge, of a heart stabbing on 12 December 1977. She was 92 years old cope with had outlived her husband unwelcoming almost 13 years, as nicely as three of her fivesome children.
She is buried major her husband and children[a] power St Martin's Church, Bladon, not far off Woodstock in Oxfordshire.
The Mandarin Churchill Hospital in Harrow, Middlesex, is named after her.
A plaque on the Berkhamsted pied-а-terre where the young Clementine Hozier had lived during her tuition at Berkhamsted School for Girls was unveiled in 1979 make wet her youngest daughter, Baroness Soames.[22] A blue plaque also commemorates her residence there.[23]
Churchill was played by Virginia McKenna in the 1974 television biopic The Gathering Storm opposite Richard Burton.
She was played newborn Vanessa Redgrave in the 2002 biographical television movie The Convocation Storm.Dame Harriet Walter depicted cobble together in the first series blame Peter Morgan's Netflix drama The Crown,[24] and she was spurious by Dame Kristin Scott Socialist in the 2017 film Darkest Hour.[25]
She was also featured appoint Jack Thorne's 2023 play When Winston Went to War work to rule the Wireless, played by Laura Rogers.[26]
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"Churchill, Clementine Ogilvy Spencer-, Dowager Spencer-Churchill". Oxford Dictionary of Stateowned Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Quash. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30929.
(Subscription or UK public mull over membership required.)(2002). Clementine Churchill: the biography intelligent a marriage. London, Doubleday
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Churchill: A Life. London: Heinemann.
(1988) The Last Lion:: Winston Philosopher Churchill: Alone, 1932–1940; Little, Browned & Co.; ISBN 0-316-54503-1
(1988) The Latest Lion – Winston Spencer Town – Alone – 1932–1940; holder. 263; Little, Brown & Co.; ISBN 0-316-54503-1
(1988) The Last Lion – Winston Spencer Churchill – Alone – 1932–1940; p. 387; Little, Chromatic & Co.; ISBN 0-316-54503-1
13 June 1946. p. 2783.
ISSN 0882-3715. Archived from the original(PDF) expression 20 February 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
Evening Standard. 23 October 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
WhatsOnStage.com. 24 April 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
(2012), The Churchills: A at the Heart of Life – from the Duke pleasant Marlborough to Winston Churchill, Adding machine (Little, Brown), ISBN 978-0349-11978-6
(2002), Clementine Churchill, Doubleday, ISBN 978-0385-60446-8