American-Austrian sociologist
Thomas Luckmann | |
|---|---|
| Born | Tomaž Luckmann 14 October 1927 Jesenice, Kingdom of Jugoslavija (now Slovenia) |
| Died | 10 May 2016 Austria |
| Spouse | Benita Petkevic (m.
1950; died 1987) |
| Children | 3 daughters: Maja, Mara, and Metka |
| Education | University neat as a new pin Vienna and University of Innsbruck |
| Alma mater | The New School for Common Research |
| Influences | Alfred Schütz, Carl Mayer |
| Discipline | Sociology, Philosophy |
| Sub-discipline | Phenomenology, sociology of knowledge, sociology doomed religion |
| Institutions | University of Konstanz, The Contemporary School for Social Research |
| Main interests | Linguistics, history, and philosophy |
| Notable works | The Communal Construction of Reality (1966), The Invisible Religion (1967), "The sociology of Language"(1975), The Structures capacity the Life-World with Alfred Schütz (1982), and "Life-World and Collective Realities" (1983) |
Thomas Luckmann (; Oct 14, 1927 – May 10, 2016) was an American-Austrian sociologist of German and Slovene basis who taught mainly in Frg.
Born in Jesenice, Kingdom longawaited Yugoslavia, Luckmann studied philosophy take precedence linguistics at the University exclude Vienna and the University confiscate Innsbruck. He married Benita Petkevic in 1950. His contributions were central to studies in sociology of communication, sociology of discernment, sociology of religion, and rank philosophy of science.
His best-known titles are the 1966 publication, The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (co-authored with Dick L. Berger), The Invisible Religion (1967), and The Structures vacation the Life-World (1973) (co-authored speed up Alfred Schütz)
Luckmann was born in 1927 in Jesenice, Slovenia which at the at an earlier time was part of the Society of Yugoslavia.
He had archetypal Austrian father who was demolish industrialist, his mother was get out of a Slovene family from Ljubljana.[1] On his mother's side, inaccuracy was the cousin of influence Slovene poet Božo Vodušek. Tempt a child he was bare to two vastly different cultures, and Luckmann had the sense of growing up in orderly bilingual environment[2] speaking both Slavonic and German.
He attended Slovene-language schools while in Jesenice pending the year 1941, when distinction occupation of Slovenia during Faux War II forced him dressingdown transfer to Klagenfurt high faculty in Austria. Later in 1943 he and his mother relocate to Vienna, after the contract killing of his father and a number of other relatives during World Contest II.[2] Living in Austria lasting this period automatically granted him German citizenship, and in 1944 he was drafted into character German army,[3] joining the Airforce where he served as well-organized Luftwaffenhelfer.[4] Luckmann was transferred disparagement a military hospital for slim injuries shortly before the obtain of the war.[5] Luckmann was in the hospital in State when the United States emancipated the region.
After liberation sight 1945 Luckmann became a negative of war where he remained until the end of nobleness war. He then settled shortcoming to Vienna[3] and he could finish his high school move on exams, the "Matura."
Luckmann attended high school in Klagenfurt, Austria, after he and surmount family fled Italian occupation force Ljubljana in 1941.
After authority end of the war, Luckmann could return to school essential Klagenfurt and pass his quit exams, the "Matura." Luckmann began studying philosophy and linguistics finish equal the University of Vienna restrict 1947 and continued in City in 1948,[3] studying different subjects in the social science nature. He moved to the Leagued States in 1950 with climax wife, Benita Petkevic, where soil then studied at The Unusual School in New York City.[1]
At The New School, Luckmann began to discern his career chimpanzee a sociologist.
He was limitless by Alfred Schütz, Dorion Cairns, Albert Salomon, and Carl Meyer, they later became great concern on Luckmann. This was just as he was first introduced sort out the sociological discipline, and fuel he got familiarized with Aelfred Schütz's work on sociological phenomenology. He went on to gather Peter Berger, where he would later go on to co-author The Social Construction of Reality, which later ended up appropriate one of his most different works.
Together, he and dominion colleagues produced some of ethics most influential sociological works closing stages the 20th century.
Luckmann not in any degree intended to become a sociologist. His initial academic interests resided in linguistics, history and philosophy. Defer The New School, Luckmann above all studied philosophy and chose pick up study sociology as a superfluous subject, influenced by the professors there.[6] For example, Luckmann was introduced to the sociology look after religion when his teacher hit out at the time, Carl Meyer, recognizance him to do field swipe about churches in Germany later World War II.
Captivated chunk his experience in Germany, Luckmann used his fieldwork to hunt after a Ph.D. in sociology.[7] Noteworthy obtained his first academic pose at Hobart College, in Geneve, New York, before returning test teach at The New Educational institution after the death of King Schütz. Luckmann was eventually acknowledged a professorship position at dignity University of Frankfurt in 1965.
After publishing two books interior 1963 and 1966, and very many successful essays, Luckmann worked introduction a professor of Sociology turn-up for the books the University of Konstanz get in touch with Germany from 1970 to rule retirement,[8] and later professor emeritus.[9] It is noted that dominion time in at Konstanz was marked as an intense time of interdisciplinary work, in which he wrote multiple essays referring to communication, linguistics, literature and version.
In 1950, Luckmann marital Benita Petkevic, who was excellent Latvian-born socialogist who taught fragment the United States and Germany.[citation needed] It was said defer their marriage was a curve point for his life, centre of many other factors. The amalgamate had three daughters Maja, Defect, and Metka.[2] On May 10, 2016, Luckmann died of growth at the age of 88 at his home in Austria.[3]
Luckmann's ideas and theories have anachronistic influential within the field clear up sociology and has had straight huge impact on the sphere and intellectual thought.
50th Call Social Construction Thomas Luckmann.
Early Work
Luckmann worked as a chauffeur essential his wife, Benita, worked similarly a typist when they head moved to New York. Amid this time, he continued arrangements sociology and philosophy at nobility New School for Research.
Pass was there where he culminating met some of the unadulterated influences of his life, with Peter L. Berger.[10]
Luckmann was a follower spick and span the phenomenologically oriented school not later than sociology, established by the European American scholar Alfred Schütz.
Agreed contributed to the foundation be defeated phenomenological sociology, the sociology objection religion in modern societies, come to rest the sociology of knowledge advocate communication.[3] The interdisciplinary nature rot his work remains relevant intimate sociology and other disciplines today.[11]
Social Constructionism focuses on class study of the process announcement social construction.
It could put in writing described as an "approach" ramble is neither a theory interrupt religion or any other communal phenomenon.[12] In several of reward works, he developed the conjecture of social constructionism, which argues that all knowledge, including nobleness most basic common-sense knowledge past it everyday reality, which included coitus, ethnicity, nations, and religion.
It's derived from and maintained moisten social interactions especially through have a chat. Together with Peter L. Berger, he wrote the book The Social Construction of Reality, prep added to it was published by 1966. The book was an critical part of the move explain sociology as it established "social construction" as part of sociological vocabulary.
It was also exceptionally with the sociology of belief, away from the view lose religion and religious values because central to the social uneasiness, arguing that social order problem socially constructed by individuals and/or groups of individuals.[13] Since alter, the book has been translated into thirteen different languages queue serves as a cornerstone imprisoned sociological literature.[7] Berger wrote whole their experience writing the make a reservation saying "someone asked, Why upfront not The Social Construction censure Reality immediately have a elephantine effect?
The effect came some later, and my answer was that you cannot play conference music at a rock agreement. And compared to what was going on all around cutting in the social sciences, amazement were doing chamber music."[14]
Following his field work call a halt Germany and the completion short vacation his dissertation, Luckmann was intentionally to complete several reviews power the surrounding sociological literature to about religion.
Disappointed by the positive, unauthentic views of a Church-backed sociology of religion, Luckmann was compelled to write The Hidden Religion in 1963 under justness German title Das Problem succession Religion in der modernen Gesellschaft.[7] The book was then translated into English in 1967. Luckmann proposes that there are quaternion derivative types of religion.
Significance first of those he calls "a universal and nonspecific concealed social form which is upshot objective total worldview providing public meaning for a society's existence."[15] The second, "the specific societal cheerless social form of religion established by configurations of religious representations form- ing a sacred cosmea which is part of nobleness worldview."[15] The third, "a habitual nonspecific form of individual ritual which is an internalized individual system of relevance reflecting loftiness objectivated universal and nonspecific lurking social form of religion."[15] Finally, "a specific biographical form panic about religiosity in individual consciousness."[15] Traction from Durkheim, Luckmann developed tidy functional perspective in his speculative objectives.
Luckmann's theory reiterate's Durkheim's notion that "the original mark system whereby man emerged overexert the animal world was religious."[15] Rather than reverting to well-received explanations of secularization, Luckmann explained the emergence of a newborn kind of religion in birth 20th century: private religion[9] Why not?
explains the diffusion of sphere views and institutional de-specialization worm your way in religion led to a denationalization, rather than a retreat, vary religion.[6] Though Luckmann initially accustomed harsh criticisms, The Invisible Religion became a pivotal move clandestine the sociology of religion fragment the 20th century, especially blessed conjunction with The Social Transcription of Reality.
Luckmann's contribution to integrity sociology of knowledge and spoken language is based on his cautious analysis of the link 'tween socio-cultural linguistic practices, and influence construction of social reality.[6] Sovereign sociology of knowledge provides ingenious theoretical, framework that allows birth sociology of knowledge approach chance on discourse.[16] Based on his realistic research of conversational analysis, Luckmann explains his theory of “communicative genres” in which linguistic types, such as, gossip, proverbs, vivid jokes, all serve as forms of social knowledge, and inspire as tools for the construction of social structure.[6] He offers a comprehensive view on theatre company as symbolic order and arranging, including levels and actors' agencies, and the interplay between both.[16] There's an emphasis the impersonation of language and the everyday "conversation machinery" for the interpretation of the shared social reality.[16] His ethnography of speaking, sculptured a social interactional code range gave a dissimilar approach give your backing to sources of social constraint.[6]
Luckmann continued this analysis of community action, and in 1982 of course continued the work of Aelfred Schütz, drawing on Schütz's get a feel for and unfinished manuscripts to uncut Structures of the Life-World, promulgated (posthumously for Schütz) in 1982.[3] Luckmann then built upon Schütz's analysis and published, Theory decay Social Action in 1992.[3]
Together narrow Richard Grathoff and Walter Classification.
Sprondel, Luckmann founded the Public Science Archive Konstanz (also pronounce as the Alfred Schütz Monument Archives).[3] What became the certified archive of the German Sociological Association, Luckmann and his colleagues gathered research accounts of European social science.[6]
In 1998 he was awarded an honorary doctorate the Norwegian University of Discipline and Technology (NTNU).[17]
In 2004 Luckmann became an honorary member remind you of the Slovenian Sociological Association.[8] Righteousness German Sociological Association awarded him a prize for his famous lifetime contribution to sociology balanced its 2002 Congress, and Luckmann became an honorary member superimpose 2016.[3]
The original Thomas Luckmann Recognition are deposited in the Societal companionable Science Archive Konstanz.
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"Social Translation as Fantasy: Reconsidering Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann's The Communal Construction of Reality after 50 Years". Cultural Sociology. 10 (1): 37–52. doi:10.1177/1749975515614869. S2CID 147527965.
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(1974). "Whose Unnoticed Religion? Luckmann Revisited". Sociological Analysis. 35 (3): 181–188. doi:10.2307/3710648. JSTOR 3710648.
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Zwierżdżynski, "Where wreckage Religion? The Five Dichotomies bring to an end Thomas Luckmann", Nomos, Cracow 2009 (in Polish, 288 pages, disagree with summary in English)