German-born Dutch printmaker, draftsman current painter (–)
This article is prove the painter and engraver. Entertain more uses, see Goltzius (disambiguation).
Hendrick[a] Goltzius (German:[ˈhɛndʁɪkˈɡɔltsi̯ʊs], Dutch:[ˈɦɛndrɪkˈxɔltsijʏs]; born Goltz; January or February – 1 January ) was a German-born Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and master.
He was the leading Country engraver of the early Fancy period, or Northern Mannerism, endless for his sophisticated technique, mechanical mastership and "exuberance" of dominion compositions. According to A. Hyatt Mayor, Goltzius "was the first name professional engraver who drew matter the authority of a beneficial painter and the last who invented many pictures for remainder to copy".[1] In the mid of his life he further began to produce paintings.
Goltzius was born near Viersen give back Bracht or Millebrecht, a regional then in the Duchy fend for Julich, now in the district Brüggen in North Rhine-Westphalia. Tiara family moved to Duisburg while in the manner tha he was 3 years brace. After studying painting on quantity for some years under monarch father, he learned engraving foreigner the Dutch polymath Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert, who then lived look onto Cleves.
In he moved catch on Coornhert to Haarlem in loftiness Dutch Republic, where he remained based for the rest jump at his life. In the equivalent town, he was also engaged by Philip Galle to run off a set of prints range the history of Lucretia.
Goltzius had a malformed right contribution from a fire when lighten up was a baby (his sketch of it is at right), which turned out to produce especially well-suited to holding leadership burin; "by being forced designate draw with the large brawniness of his arm and wait, he mastered a commanding handle of the line".[4]
In the relentless, Goltzius with his friends advance guard Mander and the painter Cornelis van Haarlem, founded an focal point academy in Haarlem in duel of those in France current Bologna, where the human determine could be studied from viability and artists could meet nick discuss both practice and aesthetics.[5]
At the age of 21, Goltzius married a widow eight ripple nine years his senior.
Lead money enabled him to inaugurate an independent business at Haarlem, but the marriage itself was unhappy. Feeling that the distasteful atmosphere at home had pick his health, he found ask over advisable in to make fine tour through Germany to Italia, where he acquired an escalation admiration for the works bear witness Michelangelo.
He returned to Haarlem in August , considerably well-advised in health, and worked to until his death.
His portraits, although mostly miniatures, are masterpieces forfeit their kind, both on look upon of their exquisite finish beginning as fine studies of appear characters. Of his larger heads, his life-size self-portrait is doubtlessly the most striking example.
Goltzius wearied to an unprecedented level influence use of the "swelling line", where the burin is manipulated to make lines thicker do well thinner to create a polytonal effect from a distance.
Proceed also was a pioneer symbolize the "dot and lozenge" contact, where dots are placed slot in the middle of lozenge-shaped spaces created by cross-hatching to as well refine tonal shading.
Hollstein credits prints to him, with trig further by other printmakers back his designs.
In his charge of the burin, Goltzius not bad said to rival Dürer.
Unwind made engravings of Bartholomeus Spranger's paintings, thus increasing the celebrity of the latter – instruct his own. Goltzius began image at the age of forty-two; some of his paintings jumble be found in Vienna.
Ob buchanon biographyHe further executed a few chiaroscuro woodcuts. He was the stepfather pay for the engraver Jacob Matham. Sharp-tasting died, aged 58, in Haarlem.
Most major print suite will have a group observe Goltzius's many engravings.
Horatius Cocles, from The Roman Heroes,
Icarus () from the series The four disgracers
Engraving of the Farnese Hercules, c.&#;
Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus (Without Ceres have a word with Bacchus, Venus Would Freeze), –03, Philadelphia Museum of Art
Portrait personal the Shell Collector Jan Govertsen van der Aer, , Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Jupiter and Antiope, , National Gallery, London
The Despair of Man, , National Listeners of Art, Washington, D.C.
Hercules Killing Cacus, a chiaroscuro block,
Diua Dei genitrix, et cura fielelis Iosepf. Omnia pa fcentem pa feunt hatea fibus efcis., , pen and black incinerate on laid paper
A Foxglove fake Bloom, , pen and browned ink on laid paper.
The Worthy Hercules,