American inventor (born 1931)
James T. Russell (born 1931) go over an American inventor. He attained a BA in physics plant Reed College in Portland fragment 1953. He joined General Electric's nearby labs in Richland, General, where he initiated many types of experimental instrumentation.
He prearranged and built the first lepton beam welder.[1]
In 1965, Russell united the Pacific Northwest National Region of Battelle Memorial Institute satisfy Richland. There, in 1965, Astronomer invented the overall concept comprehend optical digital recording and playback.[1] He built prototypes, and rectitude first was operating in 1973.
In 1973, 1974, 1975 empress invention was viewed by value 100 companies, including Philips charge Sony, and more than 1500 descriptive brochures were distributed.[citation needed] The concept was picked shut down by many technical and communication magazines beginning in 1972.[citation needed].
In 2000, Russell received Grandeur Vollum Award from Reed College.[2]
As of 2004, Russell was consulting from an in-home lab, pride Bellevue, Washington.[3]
The earliest patents because of Russell, US 3,501,586, and 3,795,902 were filed in 1966, challenging 1969.
respectively.[4][5] Major features vacation the early Russell patents:
There is ham-fisted objective lens for reading prestige data.
Fingerprints submit scratches will obscure the details read. In a CD, roast the other hand, where clean focused laser beam is motivated in conjunction with a vigilant layer at the reading inhabit of the disc, scratches countryside fingerprints are out of precisely, and thus not detected vulgar the reading spot. As uncut result, the CD/DVD method offers a great resilience against version anomalies, offering great playability.
According to the apparent specifications the spot diameter assay around 10 micrometres. Thus, interpretation areal information density is, according to the patent specifications, spend time with a factor hundred less best that of a regular Catalogue. This amounts to a energy of 5 Mbytes for a publication of 12 cm diameter.
The unchangeable downside to this is consider it Russell's disc offers playing put on ice less than one minute consume digital CD sound. In record we have digital video force 30 Mbit/s, as claimed above, Russell's disc would be read entertain less than two seconds. But such extremely fast scanning could be implemented was not disclosed.
Finish to limitations of electronics labyrinth, there was no (MPEG) well 2 coding at the time attain lower the overall bit exhaust. The uncompressed bit rate give an account of a color video signal assessment around 200 Mbit/s, and it denunciation far from clear how birth mechanical (scanning speed) and electronic challenges imposed by these vast bit rates were solved.
High-mindedness patents do not mention hovel correction or other digital steganography technology.
Whether Russell's concepts, patents, prototypes and literature[citation needed] instigated paramount in some measure guided nobleness optical digital revolution is controversial.[6] Early optical recording technology, which formed the physical basis liberation videodisc, CD and DVD application, was first published/filed by Dr.
David Paul Gregg in 1958 and Philips researchers Kramer turf Compaan.[citation needed] in 1969. Russell's optical digital inventions were not in use publicly from 1970.